Tests and Inspections
Testing and inspection is the process of determining the correctness and compliance of a product with defined criteria, standards, and measurable methods. At Hamgam Sanat, industrial tests are conducted to measure mechanical properties during the production of decanter centrifuges, cooling tower pumps, and other manufactured products. These tests may be destructive or non-destructive, depending on the type of product and its intended application.
The goal of these tests is to ensure that final products—including decanter centrifuges, cooling tower pumps, and centrifuge gearboxes—are free from defects and meet the highest quality standards.
Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) Methods
Hamgam Sanat uses a variety of NDT methods to guarantee the integrity of components:
- Visual Testing (VT)
- Penetrant Testing (PT)
- Magnetic Particle Testing (MT)
- Radiographic Testing (RT)
- Eddy Current Testing (ET)
- Ultrasonic Testing (UT)
- Acoustic Emission Testing (AE / AME)
- Infrared Thermography (IR)
- Leak Testing (LT)
- Guided Wave Testing (GWT)
Key NDT Methods
Visual Testing (VT):
The oldest and simplest NDT method, used to detect surface defects that affect the appearance of a component. VT is usually the first step in weld and component inspection. If a defect is detected visually, additional NDT methods may not be necessary; otherwise, further testing is performed for confirmation.
Penetrant Testing (PT):
Used to detect surface defects in cast, forged, and welded components. PT relies on capillary action, allowing a penetrant to seep into cracks, which are then revealed by a developer.
Magnetic Particle Testing (MT):
Detects surface and near-surface defects in ferromagnetic materials, even in hard-to-reach areas. Magnetic particles accumulate at discontinuities, revealing cracks.
Radiographic Testing (RT):
Uses X-ray or gamma-ray radiation to inspect components for internal and surface defects. Films or sensors record differences in radiation absorption, indicating flaws such as porosity, inclusions, and cracks.
Eddy Current Testing (ET):
Detects surface and near-surface defects in conductive materials by inducing electromagnetic currents and monitoring disruptions caused by material discontinuities.
Ultrasonic Testing (UT):
Can detect nearly all surface and subsurface defects if the component surface is smooth. Sound waves are transmitted into the material using a transducer, often with a couplant like oil or water, and reflections or signal attenuation reveal defects.
Acoustic Emission Testing (AE / AME):
Monitors high-frequency acoustic signals (10 kHz–100 kHz, up to 1 MHz) generated by components under stress. AE detects:
- Friction or wear in bearings
- Impacts in rotating mechanisms
- Turbulence in pressure vessels due to leaks
- Defects in manufactured components
- Weld flaws
- Structural lifetime estimation
Infrared Thermography (IR):
Detects cracks, cavities, and defects using infrared cameras to visualize surface heat patterns.
- Passive mode: measures surface temperature variations.
- Active mode: observes temperature changes after applying heat.
Leak Testing (LT):
Identifies cracks or leaks in fluid transport systems using:
- Pressure Decay Method – monitors pressure drop over time.
- Mass Airflow Method – measures airflow to maintain constant pressure.
- Observation Method – immerses the component in water to detect bubbles.
- Helium Gas Tracer – uses helium in a sealed chamber to detect leaks.
Guided Wave Testing (GWT):
Used to inspect pipelines, rails, shafts, and long structures up to 100 meters from a single point using low-frequency axial waves. Reflections from defects indicate their location and severity.
Mechanical Tests
- Tensile Testing
- Fatigue Testing
- Impact Testing
- Hardness Testing:
The Testing and Inspection Department at Hamgam Sanat ensures quality, reliability, and durability of products throughout the production process using modern laboratory equipment and standardized methods. This contributes to continuous improvement, error reduction, and increased customer satisfaction.